Sanchi Stupa or the Great Stupa of Sanchi is almost a perfect hemispherical dome that represents the world egg. Set on a square pedestal perfectly aligned to four cardinal directions on the compass symbolizing Earth, the dome itself represents Heaven. The original Sanchi Stupa was built by Emperor Ashoka, who came to power in 258 BCE and soon adopted Buddhism as his religion. He built a total of eight stupas on the hilltop of Sanchi but the Great Stupa is the most elaborate of them all and is also known as Stupa Number One.
It is believed that stupas were originally a burial mound for Buddhist relics but with time they have acquired much religious significance and gathered several symbolism theories about the philosophy of Buddhism. It is believed that the Great Stupa was reconstructed in the 2nd century, when a sandstone umbrella, railings, a paved path for circumambulation, stone casing, and a raised terrace were added to the original structure. Four ornate gateways set in four cardinal directions with carved scenes from Jataka Tales were added in the first century. Guptas added the four stone statues of Buddha, with elaborately carved halos and facing the gates, around 450 AD.
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